Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Sestito N[original query] |
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The influence of structural racism, pandemic stress, and SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes.
Janevic T , Lieb W , Ibroci E , Lynch J , Lieber M , Molenaar NM , Rommel AS , de Witte L , Ohrn S , Carreño JM , Krammer F , Zapata LB , Snead MC , Brody RI , Jessel RH , Sestito S , Adler A , Afzal O , Gigase F , Missall R , Carrión D , Stone J , Bergink V , Dolan SM , Howell EA . Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022 4 (4) 100649 BACKGROUND: Structural racism and pandemic-related stress from the COVID-19 pandemic may increase risk of adverse birth outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine associations between neighborhood measures of structural racism and pandemic stress with three outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm birth (PTB) and delivering a newborn small-for-gestational-age (SGA). Our secondary objective was to investigate the joint associations of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and neighborhood measures on PTB and SGA. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data for 967 patients from a prospective cohort of pregnant persons in New York City, comprised of 367 White persons (38%), 169 Black persons (17%), 293 Latina persons (30%), 87 Asian persons (9%), 41 persons of unknown race-ethnicity (4%), and 10 of unknown race-ethnicity (1%). We evaluated structural racism (social/built structural disadvantage, racial-economic segregation) and pandemic-related stress (community COVID-19 mortality, community unemployment rate increase) in quartiles by zip code. SARS-CoV-2 serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on blood samples from pregnant persons. We ascertained preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) from an electronic medical record database. We used log-binomial regression with robust standard error for clustering by zip code to estimate associations of each neighborhood measure separately with three outcomes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, PTB, and SGA. Covariates included maternal age, parity, insurance status, and BMI. Models with PTB and SGA as the dependent variables additionally adjusted for SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: 193 (20%) persons were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, and the overall risk of PTB and SGA were 8.4% and 9.8%, respectively. Among birthing persons in neighborhoods in the highest quartile of structural disadvantage (n=190), 94% were non-White, 50% had public insurance, 41% were obese, 32% were seropositive, 11% delivered preterm, and 12% delivered an infant SGA. Among birthing persons in neighborhoods in the lowest quartile of structural disadvantage (n=360), 39% were non-White, 17% had public insurance, 15% were obese, 9% were seropositive, 6% delivered preterm, and 10% delivered an infant SGA. In adjusted analyses structural racism measures and community unemployment were associated with both SARS-CoV-2 infection and PTB, but not SGA. High vs. low structural disadvantage was associated with an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 2.6 for infection (95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.7, 3.9) and 1.7 for PTB (95%CI=1.0, 2.9); high vs. low racial-economic segregation was associated with aRR of 1.9 (95% CI=1.3, 2.8) for infection and 2.0 (95%CI=1.3, 3.2) for PTB; high vs. low community unemployment increase was associated with aRR of 1.7 (95% CI=1.2, 1.5) for infection and 1.6 (95%CI=1.0, 2.8) for PTB. COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not PTB or SGA. SARS-CoV-2 infection was not independently associated with birth outcomes. We found no interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and neighborhood measures on PTB or SGA. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood measures of structural racism were associated with both SARS-CoV-2 infection and PTB, but these associations were independent and did not have a synergistic effect. Community unemployment rate increases were also associated with an increased risk of PTB independently of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mitigating these factors might reduce the impact of the pandemic on pregnant people. |
The health of young US workers
Ocasio MA , Fleming LE , Hollenbeck J , Fernandez CA , LeBlanc WG , Lin J , Caban Martinez AJ , Kachan D , Christ SL , Sestito JP , Lee DJ . J Occup Environ Med 2014 56 (10) 1011-8 OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the health status of young US workers across four domains: functional health, physical and psychological health, health behavior, and health care utilization. METHODS: Pooled data from the 2004 to 2010 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed for 11,279 US workers aged 18 to 24 years, representing an estimated 16.9 million workers annually. Thirty-nine health indicators were examined and compared across nine occupational groups. RESULTS: Compared with other occupational groups, craft workers and laborers and helpers had the highest prevalence of risky health behaviors, including current smoking and risky drinking, as well as fewer reported visits to a primary care physician in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: Young workers engage in risky health behaviors, and may benefit from targeted workplace interventions to mitigate the potentially negative long-term effects on health and well-being. |
Evaluation of engineering controls for the mixing of flavorings containing diacetyl and other volatile ingredients
Hirst DV , Dunn KH , Shulman SA , Hammond DR , Sestito N . J Occup Environ Hyg 2014 11 (10) 680-7 Exposures to diacetyl, a primary ingredient of butter flavoring, have been shown to cause respiratory disease among workers who mix flavorings. This study focused on evaluating ventilation controls designed to reduce emissions from the flavor mixing tanks, the major source of diacetyl in the plants. Five exhaust hood configurations were evaluated in the laboratory: standard hinged lid-opened, standard hinged lid-closed, hinged lid-slotted, dome with 38-mm gap, and dome with 114-mm gap. Tracer gas tests were performed to evaluate quantitative capture efficiency for each hood. A perforated copper coil was used to simulate an area source within the 1.2-meter diameter mixing tank. Capture efficiencies were measured at four hood exhaust flow rates (2.83, 5.66, 11.3, and 17.0 cubic meters per minute) and three cross draft velocities (0, 30, and 60 meters per minute). All hoods evaluated performed well with capture efficiencies above 90% for most combinations of exhaust volume and cross drafts. The standard hinged lid was the least expensive to manufacture and had the best average capture efficiency (over 99%) in the closed configuration for all exhaust flow rates and cross drafts. The hinged lid-slotted hood had some of the lowest capture efficiencies at the low exhaust flow rates compared to the other hood designs. The standard hinged lid performed well, even in the open position, and it provided a flexible approach to controlling emissions from mixing tanks. The dome hood gave results comparable to the standard hinged lid but it is more expensive to manufacture. The results of the study indicate that emissions from mixing tanks used in the production of flavorings can be controlled using simple inexpensive exhaust hoods. |
Prevalence of work-related dermatitis in the working population: authors' response to letter from Rosenman and Fussman
Luckhaupt SE , Sussell AL , Sweeney MH , Sestito JP , Calvert GM . Am J Ind Med 2014 57 (1) 127-8 As in the recent commentary by Halperin [2013], the letter from Rosenman and Fussman [] acknowledges that the inclusion of questions about the work-relatedness of common health conditions, including dermatitis, in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey Occupational Health Supplement (NHIS-OHS) [Luckhaupt et al., 2013] advanced knowledge on the magnitude of occupational injury and illness in the United States. Collecting data about work-related injuries and illnesses directly from workers through population-based surveys such as the NHIS bypasses some of the barriers to employer reporting of work-related conditions as found in the Survey of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries conducted by the US Department of Labor [Azaroff et al., 2002]. But, as Rosenman and Fussman point out, the estimates produced from the questions included in the 2010 NHIS-OHS, which are based on respondents having been told by a healthcare professional (HCP) that their condition was work-related, still likely underestimate the true magnitude of work-related health conditions. Barriers also exist that prevent many work-related conditions from being recognized by healthcare providers. One way of capturing data on likely work-related cases of dermatitis and other conditions is to directly ask workers for their opinions as to the work-relatedness of their condition. Although some survey questions that address worker perceptions of the work-relatedness of their conditions have been used by three states in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the specific questions varied by year and none of them were validated. | Rosenman and Fussman cited two studies that were based on BRFSS data from these three states. These two studies illustrate different ways to ask workers about their perceptions of the work-relatedness of health conditions [Stanbury et al., 2008; Lutzker et al., 2010]. |
Examining national trends in worker health with the National Health Interview Survey
Luckhaupt SE , Sestito JP . J Occup Environ Med 2013 55 S58-62 OBJECTIVE: To describe data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), both the annual core survey and periodic occupational health supplements (OHSs), available for examining national trends in worker health. METHODS: The NHIS is an annual in-person household survey with a cross-sectional multistage clustered sample design to produce nationally representative health data. The 2010 NHIS included an OHS. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of various health conditions and health behaviors among workers based on multiple years of NHIS core data are available. In addition, the 2010 NHIS-OHS data provide prevalence rates of selected health conditions, work organization factors, and occupational exposures among US workers by industry and occupation. CONCLUSIONS: The publicly available NHIS data can be used to identify areas of concern for various industries and for benchmarking data from specific worker groups against national averages. |
Risk factors, health behaviors, and injury among adults employed in the transportation, warehousing, and utilities super sector
Helmkamp JC , Lincoln JE , Sestito J , Wood E , Birdsey J , Kiefer M . Am J Ind Med 2012 56 (5) 556-68 BACKGROUND: The TWU super sector is engaged in the movement of passengers and cargo, warehousing of goods, and the delivery of services. The purpose of this study is to describe employee self-reported personal risk factors, health behaviors and habits, disease and chronic conditions, and employer-reported nonfatal injury experiences of workers in the TWU super sector. METHODS: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data for 1997-2007, grouped into six morbidity and disability categories and three age groups, were reviewed. Demographic characteristics and prevalence estimates are reported for workers in the TWU super sector and the entire U.S. workforce, and compared with national adult population data from the NHIS. Bureau of Labor Statistics employer-reported TWU injury data from 2003 to 2007 was also reviewed. RESULTS: An average of 8.3 million workers were employed annually in the TWU super sector. TWU workers 65 or older reported the highest prevalence of hypertension (49%) across all industry sectors, but the 20% prevalence is notable among middle age workers (25-64). TWU workers had the highest prevalence of obesity (28%), compared to workers in all other industry sectors. Female TWU workers experienced the highest number of lost workdays (6.5) in the past year across all TWU demographic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported high proportions of chronic conditions including hypertension and heart disease combined with elevated levels of being overweight and obese, and lack of physical activity-particularly among TWUs oldest workers-can meaningfully inform wellness strategies and interventions focused on this demographic group. (Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) |
Prevalence of dermatitis in the working population, United States, 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Luckhaupt SE , Dahlhamer JM , Ward BW , Sussell AL , Sweeney MH , Sestito JP , Calvert GM . Am J Ind Med 2012 56 (6) 625-34 BACKGROUND: Prevalence patterns of dermatitis among workers offer clues about risk factors and targets for prevention, but population-based estimates of the burden of dermatitis among US workers are lacking. METHODS: Data from an occupational health supplement to the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-OHS) were used to estimate the prevalence of dermatitis overall and by demographic characteristics and industry and occupation (I&O) of current/recent employment. RESULTS: Data were available for 27,157 adults, including 17,524 current/recent workers. The overall prevalence rate of dermatitis among current/recent workers was 9.8% (range among I&O groups: 5.5-15.4%), representing approximately 15.2 million workers with dermatitis. The highest prevalence rates were among I&O groups related to health care. Overall, 5.6% of dermatitis cases among workers (9.2% among healthcare workers) were attributed to work by health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatitis affected over 15 million US workers in 2010, and its prevalence varied by demographic characteristics and industry and occupation of employment. The prevalence rate of work-related dermatitis based on the NHIS-OHS was approximately 100-fold higher than incidence rates based on the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Survey of Occupational Illness and Injury. (Am. J. Ind. Med. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.) |
Prevalence and work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome in the working population, United States, 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Luckhaupt SE , Dahlhamer JM , Ward BW , Sweeney MH , Sestito JP , Calvert GM . Am J Ind Med 2012 56 (6) 615-24 BACKGROUND: Patterns of prevalence and work-relatedness of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among workers offer clues about risk factors and targets for prevention. METHODS: Data from an occupational health supplement to the 2010 National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of self-reported clinician-diagnosed CTS overall and by demographic characteristics. The proportion of these cases self-reported to have been attributed to work by clinicians was also examined overall and by demographic characteristics. In addition, the distribution of industry and occupation (I&O) categories to which work-related cases of CTS were attributed was compared to the distribution of I&O categories of employment among current/recent workers. RESULTS: Data were available for 27,157 adults, including 17,524 current/recent workers. The overall lifetime prevalence of clinician-diagnosed CTS among current/recent workers was 6.7%. The 12-month prevalence was 3.1%, representing approximately 4.8 million workers with current CTS; 67.1% of these cases were attributed to work by clinicians, with overrepresentation of certain I&O categories. CONCLUSIONS: CTS affected almost 5 million U.S. workers in 2010, with prevalence varying by demographic characteristics and I&O. (Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.) |
Mortality among members of a truck driver trade association
Birdsey J , Alterman T , Li J , Petersen MR , Sestito J . AAOHN J 2010 58 (11) 473-80 Previous studies report that truck drivers are at increased risk for illness and on-the-job mortality. It is unknown whether owner-operator truck drivers face the same risks as employee drivers, yet few studies have targeted owner-operators as a study population. This study examined the overall and cause-specific mortality ratios for a cohort with owner-operator truck drivers constituting 69% of the study population. Of the 26 major disease classifications and 92 specific causes of death examined, only mortality due to transportation accidents was significantly elevated (standardized mortality ratio=1.52, 95% confidence interval=1.36-1.70). Leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, although risk was below that of the general population. Transportation accidents pose a particular hazard for members of the trade association. The absence of excess disease mortality deserves careful interpretation, and may be due to both a strong healthy worker effect and a short monitoring period. |
Occupational fatalities, injuries, illnesses, and related economic loss in the wholesale and retail trade sector
Anderson VP , Schulte PA , Sestito J , Linn H , Nguyen LS . Am J Ind Med 2010 53 (7) 673-85 BACKGROUND: The wholesale and retail trade (WRT) sector employs over 21 million workers, or nearly 19% of the annual average employment in private industry. The perception is that workers in this sector are generally at low risk of occupational injury and death. These workers, however, are engaged in a wide range of demanding job activities and are exposed to a variety of hazards. Prior to this report, a comprehensive appraisal of the occupational fatal and nonfatal burdens affecting the retail and wholesale sectors was lacking. The focus of this review is to assess the overall occupational safety and health burden in WRT and to identify various subsectors that have high rates of burden from occupational causes. Ultimately, these findings should be useful for targeted intervention efforts. METHODS: We reviewed Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2006 fatality, injury, and illness data for the WRT sector and provide comparisons between the WRT sector, its' subsectors, and private industry, which serves as a baseline. The BLS data provide both counts and standardized incidence rates for various exposures, events, and injury types for fatalities, injuries, and illnesses. In an effort to estimate the economic burden of these fatalities, injuries, and illnesses, a focused review of the literature was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 2006, WRT workers experienced 820,500 injuries/illnesses and 581 fatalities. The total case injury/illness rate for the retail sector was 4.9/100 FTE and for the wholesale sector 4.1/100 FTE. The WRT sector represents 15.5% of the private sector work population in 2006, yet accounts for 20.1% of nonfatal injuries and illnesses of the private sector. In 2003, the disparity was only 2% but increased to 3% in 2004 and 2005. Three WRT subsectors had injury/illness rates well above the national average: beer/wine/liquor (8.4/100); building materials/supplies (7.6/100); and grocery-related products (7.0/100). Occupational deaths with the highest rates were found in gasoline stations (9.8/100,000), convenience stores (6.1/100,000), and used car dealers (5.5/100,000). In terms of actual numbers, the category of food and beverage stores had 82 fatalities in 2006. Based on 1993 data, costs, both direct and indirect, in the WRT sector for fatal injuries were estimated to exceed $8.6 billion. The full economic loss to society and the family has not been adequately measured. Overexertion and contact with objects/equipment represent the top two events or exposures leading to injury or illness. Together they account for 57% of the events or exposures for nonfatal WRT injuries and illnesses. This sector is important because it is large and pervasive as a result, even a relatively small increase in injury rates and accompanying days away from work will have significant impact on working families and society. Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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